# Cal State San Marcos Extended Learning > Curated public course and certificate information for the Cal State San Marcos Extended Learning site. Use the sections below to find primary public catalog pages and their descriptions. ## Courses Here is a list of the currently available courses. - [Course OP CTIA A Plus: CompTIA A+ Certification Prep](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1016747): The CompTIA A+ Certification exam covers mobile devices, networking technology, hardware, virtualization and cloud computing and network troubleshooting. It also covers installing and configuring operating systems, expanded security, software troubleshooting, and operational procedures. Upon successful completion of the lessons and exercises in this bundled CompTIA A+ certification program, you will be well-prepared to take CompTIA's A+ certification exams. You will receive an exam voucher for each certification exam, which covers the cost to sit for the certifying exams upon eligibility. - [Course OP CTIA Net Plus: CompTIA Network+ Certification Prep](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1016856): Design and implement functional networks Configure and maintain essential network devices Use devices such as switches and routers to segment network traffic and create resilient networks Identify benefits and constraints of existing network configurations Implement network security, standards and protocols Troubleshoot network problems Support the creation of virtual networks   - [Course MA MedicalAssistant: CSUSM/VCC Medical Assistant Training Program](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1016926): Start or grow your career in the healthcare industry with this Medical Assistant training program, offered in partnership by CSUSM and Vista Community Clinic (VCC). This program combines classroom training and clinical experiences to ensure you are equipped with the necessary skills to become a successful medical assistant. - [Course HR SHRM: SHRM Certification Exam Preparation](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1017004): CSUSM’s 12-week intensive certification preparation program prepares you to take the SHRM Certified Professional (SHRM-CP) and SHRM Senior Certified Professional (SHRM-SCP) exams which are the globally-recognized standard in HR certification. This program is offered in partnership with the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM).  - [Course HR LEGAL: Legal Issues for HR Professionals](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1017068): Each day, HR professionals interpret a variety of state, federal and local laws associated with various employment-related situations. This course will assist you in becoming better informed about how your role and responsibilities can impact the organization’s overall bottom line. You’ll also learn how written policies and procedures impact employees and the organization, and how you can minimize the company’s exposure to costly employee lawsuits and administrative fees. Workplace Applications: Realize the various legal considerations of hiring, promotion and termination issues Correct structuring of employee handbooks, documentation and employment policies Distinguish between state and federal regulations and guidelines for anti-discrimination laws Conduct workplace investigations and understand how to effectively deal with employee privacy issues - [Course HR TALENT: Talent Acquisition and Retention Strategies](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1017101): This course will focus on developing a recruiting plan that quickly and efficiently attracts and retains the workforce talent that your organization needs to succeed in today’s competitive workplace. In-class discussions and projects will incorporate your own work-related situations and highlight ways to simultaneously increase the candidate selection pool, heighten employee loyalty and improve retention rates. You will discuss the importance of company culture and ideas on how to create a talent acquisition strategy. Workplace Applications: Awareness of legal considerations in employment Crafting a talent acquisition strategy Developing a recruiting plan that efficiently attracts top talent Incorporating various assessments to increase your selection success rate Creating a culture to retain top talent - [Course HR PERFORMANCE: Performance Management](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1017138): Creating effective systems that provide the information necessary to manage employee performance is more critical than ever. You will learn strategies and methods for evaluating performance and diagnosing performance problems, interpersonal skills and competencies for improving communication with employees, and coaching and counseling techniques that make performance interventions more effective. Workplace Applications: View performance management as a systematic process Link individual performance to organizational goals and objective Effectively design performance appraisal tools Enhance coaching skills to make performance interventions more effective Handle terminations and disciplinary actions with confidence - [Course PM PMP PREP: Project Management Professional (PMP) Exam Preparation](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1017156): Ensure you're prepared for the rigorous Project Management Professional (PMP) exam with CSUSM Extended Learning's PMP Exam preparation course. This intensive 14-week course combines expert instruction with  The CertWise® Learning System for PMP ®  Exam Preparation  training materials and meets PMI’s 35 contact hour training requirement. This course will help you learn faster, retain more knowledge, and stay on track for success on the PMP exam! - [Course HCI Healthcare: Healthcare Interpreter Certificate Program](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1017185): This 14-week program is designed to provide the basics of healthcare interpreting for bilingual participants who speak English and any additional language. The program covers ethics, skills and protocols required of interpreters. Class discussions and content cover the various modes of interpretation, codes of ethics and standards of practice required for aspiring healthcare interpreters. The program uses the comprehensive learning content and materials developed by Cross-Cultural Communications (CCC), a program recognized nationally and internationally for healthcare interpreters in the United States. Additional topics covered in the course include: positioning, terminology, steps for sight translation, intervention strategies and scripting, cultural mediation and other vital skills and protocols. Content is designed to include decision-making tools to help you make on-the-spot judgment calls in your daily work environment. The dynamic classroom experience of this course includes role-playing, individual and group activities rooted in real-world practice and immediate job application and relevance. - [Course HR HR ROLE: HR's Role in Today's Workplace](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1017371): This foundation course provides you with an overview of the human resources function and the key roles and responsibilities for helping an organization become an industry employer of choice. Class discussions focus on a variety of topics, including recruiting and retention, managing a diverse workforce, legal issues, compensation, safety issues, performance management, and future trends in human resources. Workplace Applications: Understand the purpose of human resources management within the organization Demonstrate an understanding of employment and labor law Develop a successful recruiting strategy Understand the value of the training process Create an environment that retains top talent Implement a successful safety management program - [Course HR STRATEGIC: Strategic Role of Human Resources](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1017398): *This is a capstone course for the program. Students must have completed all other courses before enrolling in this course. This capstone course integrates all of the program courses and provides strategies and skills needed to position HR as a strategic partner in the organization. HR professionals will need to be knowledgeable about addressing issues such as change management, appropriate restructuring options, and essential core competencies needed for the organization’s employees. In this class, you will focus on measuring HR’s overall effectiveness in implementing initiatives such as change management, restructuring options and developing the core competencies of a successful senior-level HR professional. Workplace Applications: Learn how to conduct and utilize a SWOT analysis Distinguish between the three major business strategies: low-cost leadership, differentiation and customer relationship Prepare an HR action plan that is aligned with the business plan Use power and influence to significantly increase the likelihood of getting people to do what you need them to do Address the challenges and strategies for managing a change initiative Developing and leveraging a strategic mindset - [Course 0004: IH Kendal Floral Sr. Managers and Director Certificate Program](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1021196): not applicable to public site - [Course SP TRANSITION: Transition from Peer to Supervisor](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1022329): As a new supervisor, you will encounter many new challenges. You’ll quickly learn that your technical expertise is of little help to you in the midst of managing people problems and productivity issues. It’s not what you say that people pay attention to, it’s how you say it. You’ll face the scrutiny of co-workers who may be thinking, “Why was he/she promoted?” Establishing yourself as someone people will listen to, respect, collaborate with and follow is not an easy task. New knowledge and skills are required. This class examines the basic supervision skills, behaviors and attitudes you need to transition successfully from a peer to a supervisor. Workplace Applications: Become a supervisor who has willing followers Recognize the differences between a contributor and a leader Learn the basics of defining and assigning work Start off on the right foot with your direct reports Effectively supervise former peers Establish productive relationship management - [Course SP LAW: Managing Within the Law](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1022660): Managers and supervisors make decisions every day that can have significant legal implications. This class will highlight some of the relevant laws and their application to the daily operations and functions of a manager, including preventive employment practices, harassment situations and health and safety guidelines. Workplace Applications: Avoid workplace violence and misconduct Prevent harassment and discrimination Handle drug and alcohol abuse in the workplace Understand different legislations such as Title VII, ADA and FMLA Create an environment of mutual trust and communication - [Course SP MANAGEMENT: Management Basics](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1022676): In the last 20 years, the rapid rise of technology and globalization has created more change in the world of work, regardless of the industry, than all of history. Successful leaders must understand the impact of this change on the company and on employees as well. To become a successful supervisor, you will need to understand the big picture before you can begin dealing with the details of people and productivity issues. This class will help you understand your role as it relates to the overall organization and help you begin building the traits of an effective leader. Workplace Applications: Define the leader of today Understand the evolution of business and its impact on your company today Learn what you need to know to be in business in five years Balance the three critical components of the supervisor’s job Understand the role of interdependence on business success - [Course SP COMMUNICATION: Essential Communication Skills](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1022696): As a manager, your ability to effectively communicate with your staff is key to a successful and productive department or team. The ability to influence and motivate people whose values, styles and ability to listen are different than yours is a skill that may not come easily, but can be learned. You’ll have the opportunity to assess your own communication styles and perceptions and see how they translate to interactions with your staff and others. Workplace Applications: Apply techniques for active listening, giving and receiving feedback and questioning Get beyond the barriers to your own listening filters Communicate with more clarity and confidence Recognize how verbal and nonverbal communication affects your message Communicate with more power and influence - [Course SP CULTURAL: Cultural Competency in the Workplace](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1022731): Cultural competency begins and ends with knowing yourself and understanding how your own cultural values impact your perceptions of others, both on the job and in your personal life. Participants will have an opportunity to develop a personal cultural perception profile as a benchmark for reflection which is essential to a continuous learning process. Explore how individual values affect individual and group decisions and increase awareness of social influences on the formation of a team’s attitudes, beliefs, values and perceptions. - [Course SP PERFORMANCE: Performance Management](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1022756): A key responsibility of a supervisor is to manage employee performance. This class will help you better understand what an effective performance management system is, its purpose, elements and processes, and what your role is in making that system effective. Discussions will focus on the steps needed to identify, encourage, improve and reward employee performance as well as the link between the performance management system and the other human resource systems, specifically, training and compensation. Workplace Applications: Set clear goals and standards for performance Identify and measure tasks appropriately Document employee performance and identify development needs Deal more effectively with difficult performance appraisals Create an environment of clear expectations and results - [Course SP COACHING: Coaching & Feedback](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1022779): Providing specific, relevant and appropriate feedback to an employee can be the most difficult and important aspect of being a manager. It’s been said, “If you mastered no other management skill than the ability to give feedback, you’d be a good manager.” This class will provide you with tools to conduct positive, results-oriented discussions. Workplace Applications: The importance of feedback Identify and eliminate the performance gap Apply conflict resolution strategies Deliver feedback that will result in win/win situations - [Course SP TIME MANAGEMENT: Time Management & Goal Setting](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1022802): As your responsibilities change and increase, you will be dealing with many new people. Your supervisor’s expectations of your performance will also be an added challenge. In this class, you’ll discover how to apply both effective goal-setting techniques and time management practices for you and your staff. You’ll also learn how to maintain a balance between your new professional and personal responsibilities. Workplace Applications: Identify where and how your time should be spent and its effect on your staff Deal with conflicting priorities and projects with reduced stress Set and communicate clear project priorities and goals to your staff Effectively balance your personal and professional life in your new role - [Course OP CTIA Sec Plus: CompTIA Security+ Certification Prep](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1028045): This certification focuses on: Core knowledge required in any cybersecurity role Preparing you for intermediate-level cybersecurity jobs Hands-on troubleshooting to ensure you have practical security problem-solving skills Identifying and addressing security incidents   - [Course OP CTIA Net Sec Plus: CompTIA Network+ and Security+ Certification Prep Bundle](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1028144): Network+ Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) Network+ is a globally recognized certification in networking that helps develop your career in IT infrastructure by covering troubleshooting, configuring and managing networks. This certification ensures you are able to: Design and implement functional networks Configure and maintain essential network devices Use devices such as switches and routers to segment network traffic and create resilient networks Identify benefits and constraints of existing network configurations Implement network security, standards and protocols Troubleshoot network problems Support the creation of virtualized networks Jobs that use Network+: Junior network administrator Network field technician Junior system engineer IS consultant Network field engineer Computer technician Help desk technician System engineer Network support specialist Network analyst Security+ Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) Security+ is a globally recognized certification that focuses on the core security functions that enable you to pursue an IT security career. It is recommended as the first security certification IT professionals should earn. This course will prepare students to pass the newly released SYO-701 exam. This certification focuses on: Core knowledge required in any cybersecurity role Preparing you for intermediate-level cybersecurity jobs Hands-on troubleshooting to ensure you have practical security problem-solving skills Identifying and addressing security incidents Jobs that use Security+: Systems administrator Security administrator Security specialist Security engineer Network administrator Junior IT auditor/penetration tester Security consultant   - [Course OP CTIA A Net Plus: CompTIA A+ and Network+ Certification Prep Bundle](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1028457): The CompTIA A+ Certification exam covers mobile devices, networking technology, hardware, virtualization and cloud computing and network troubleshooting. It also covers installing and configuring operating systems, expanded security, software troubleshooting, and operational procedures. CompTIA Network+: Design and implement functional networks Configure and maintain essential network devices Use devices such as switches and routers to segment network traffic and create resilient networks Identify benefits and constraints of existing network configurations Implement network security, standards and protocols Troubleshoot network problems Support the creation of virtual networks - [Course OLLI Art: Art Topics](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1030176): 1.    Venice and its Biannual 2.    The Art of Fashion and Fashion in Art 3.    The Universal Art of Maps 4.    New Art Museums in Los Angeles  5.    Current Art Topics **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account.  If you do not already have a parking account Parking Services will create one for you upon registration.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.  If you’re not sure if you have a parking account or you have one but need your login information, please contact us. - [Course ASCM CPIM: CPIM V8.0 Advanced Supply Chain for Internal Operations](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1054594): This 16-week CPIM V8.0 program combines the previous CPIM Part 1 and CPIM Part 2 courses into one course and exam. This updated course prepares you to successfully work across all supply chain functions and to maximize the depth of knowledge needed for the new single-exam CPIM certification.  CPIM is recognized worldwide as the standard in planning and inventory control, one of the most critical functions within an organization for reducing costs and achieving a competitive edge. - [Course ASCM CSCP: Certified Supply Chain Professional Exam Preparation](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1054625): The ASCM CSCP instructor-led course helps you demonstrate your knowledge and organizational skills for developing more streamlined operations. Since its launch in 2006, more than 19,000 professionals in 82 countries have earned the APICS CSCP designation. This 14-week (3 hours per week) course will guide students through the ASCM CSCP Learning System. The new ASCM CSCP exam consists of three important modules. The exam reflects critical changes in the marketplace and in the evolving roles and responsibilities of operations and supply chain managers. - [Course HR TRAINING: Training & Development 2.0](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1056726): This highly interactive course will provide you with knowledge of current trends in training and development and gives you hands-on experience in applying the major elements of training. This includes conducting a needs assessment, designing and developing a training module, facilitating training and applying the best evaluation methodologies to measure the effectiveness of your training. You will be able to link training to your organization’s business objectives, training and development strategy and employees’ development needs. Workplace Applications: Use a performance consulting approach to determine if training is the right solution to a performance issue Conduct a needs analysis to identify gaps in performance Write measurable learning objectives Design a training module Facilitate an organization development intervention Define four levels of evaluation and use two of them Give constructive feedback in evaluating a training design - [Course HR BENEFITS: Benefit Fundamentals](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1056728): Explore the use of benefits and services that meet both your employees’ needs and company’s vision. Class discussions will focus on various welfare (life insurance, medical, dental, vision) and pension plans, pricing strategies, employee services and how to administer each. You will also learn about the latest innovations in benefits and services that other companies have installed as part of their total benefits package. Workplace Applications: Incorporate appropriate government regulations of benefits plans Know the difference and applications for health, welfare and retirement plans Administer and communicate employee benefits Analyze employee benefits programs and identify the critical issues associated with different types of benefits - [Course HR COMPENSATION: Compensation Fundamentals](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1056730): In today’s economy, it is critical for an organization to offer a competitive compensation package that is appealing to potential employees as well as cost effective for the company. This course covers the essentials of compensation management, including organizational strategies; program development and design; important terms and definitions; and a review of the related legal environment. You will use examples from your own work environments to immediately integrate your new knowledge and skills into your compensation responsibilities. Workplace Applications: Identify and use competitive practice information Know applicable government regulations, including reporting and disclosure requirements Review variable pay programs and how to create an appropriate pay structure design Understand and apply appropriate job analysis and evaluation processes Realize the importance of identifying the organization’s philosophy, objectives and strategy - [Course 0008: IH La Jolla Band of Luiseno Indians Workplace Leadership Certificate](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1073958): Not applicable to public site - [Course EMS NonProfit Mgmt: Essential Management Skills for Non Profits](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1084094): The Essential Management Skills for Nonprofit program is offered by CSUSM in partnership with the Alliance for Regional Solutions. This series of classes will help you gain an overall understanding of current trends, opportunities and challenges as well as key functional areas and responsibilities within nonprofit organizations.  Spring 2026 Instructors Dom Betro, CSUSM Faculty and former CEO Family Service Association Greg Anglea, CEO, Interfaith Community Services Bea Palmer, Sr. Director Community Engagement, True Care Nannette Stamm, Chief Community Health Officer, Vista Community Clinic Don Stump, Fieldstone Leadership Network and former Executive Director, Lifeline Community Services John VanCleef, CEO Community Resource Center Marisa Varond, CEO, McAlister Inc.     - [Course CI Community: Community Interpreter Certificate Program](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1088922): The Professional Certificate in Community Interpreting allows dual-language participants who speak English and at least one other language with no prior interpreting skills to become a community interpreter in just 14 weeks. Develop skills that can be used in a variety of settings, including a community, business, healthcare or education site. - [Course OLLI Elections: Significant Presidential Elections Between 1796 and 1940](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1095286): This presentation examines several especially significant presidential elections, including:  •    1796, the first presidential election that was truly contested. •    1828, the first election in which the popular vote was more important than the Electoral College. •    1864, the election held in the middle of the Civil War. •    1940, when Charles Lindbergh was encouraged to run against FDR was the "America First" candidate. **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account (same as fall term).  If you didn't attend fall term, Parking Services will create a Parking Account for you.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages. - [Course OLLI Charcuterie: Crafting a Charcuterie Board](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1095887): Build your own Charcuterie Board using exotic hard woods.  Join Dick Sterrett in this simple construction of gluing, sanding and finishing. Share ideas and enjoy snacks from the Charcuterie display. This class is limited to 20 students. No discounts apply. **This offering is In-Class Only **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account (same as fall term).  If you didn't attend fall term, Parking Services will create a Parking Account for you.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.   - [Course SP TRANSITION CSUSM: Transition from Peer to Supervisor](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1096641): Transition from Peer to Supervisor As a new supervisor, you will encounter many new challenges. You’ll quickly learn that your technical expertise is of little help to you in the midst of managing people problems and productivity issues. It’s not what you say that people pay attention to, it’s how you say it. You’ll face the scrutiny of co-workers who may be thinking, “Why was he/she promoted?” Establishing yourself as someone people will listen to, respect, collaborate with and follow is not an easy task. New knowledge and skills are required. This class examines the basic supervision skills, behaviors and attitudes you need to transition successfully from a peer to a supervisor.   - [Course SP MANAGEMENT CSUSM: Management Basics for New Supervisors](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1096643): Management Basics for New Supervisors In the last 20 years, the rapid rise of technology and globalization has created more change in the world of work, regardless of the industry, than all of history. Successful leaders must understand the impact of this change on the company and on employees as well. To become a successful supervisor, you will need to understand the big picture before you can begin dealing with the details of people and productivity issues. This class will help you understand your role as it relates to the overall organization and help you begin building the traits of an effective leader. - [Course SP COACHING CSUSM: Coaching & Feedback](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1096645): Coaching and Feedback Providing specific, relevant and appropriate feedback to an employee can be the most difficult and important aspect of being a manager. It’s been said, “If you mastered no other management skill than the ability to give feedback, you’d be a good manager.” This class will provide you with tools to conduct positive, results-oriented discussions. - [Course SP PERFORMANCE CSUSM: Performance Management](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1096647): Performance Management A key responsibility of a supervisor is to manage employee performance. This class will help you better understand what an effective performance management system is, its purpose, elements and processes, and what your role is in making that system effective. Discussions will focus on the steps needed to identify, encourage, improve and reward employee performance as well as the link between the performance management system and the other human resource systems, specifically, training and compensation. - [Course SP LAW CSUSM: Managing Within the Law](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1096649): Managing Within the Law Managers and supervisors make decisions every day that can have significant legal implications. This class will highlight some of the relevant laws and their application to the daily operations and functions of a manager, including preventive employment practices, harassment situations and health and safety guidelines. - [Course SP TIME MGMT CSUSM: Time Management and Goal Setting](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1096651): Goal Setting and Time Management As your responsibilities change and increase, you will be dealing with many new people. Your supervisor’s expectations of your performance will also be an added challenge. In this class, you’ll discover how to apply both effective goal-setting techniques and time management practices for you and your staff. You’ll also learn how to maintain a balance between your new professional and personal responsibilities. - [Course SP CULTURAL CSUSM: Cultural Competency in the Workplace](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1096653): Cultural Competency for the Workplace Cultural competency begins and ends with knowing yourself and understanding how your own cultural values impact your perceptions of others, both on the job and in your personal life. Participants will have an opportunity to develop a personal cultural perception profile as a benchmark for reflection which is essential to a continuous learning process. Explore how individual values affect individual and group decisions and increase awareness of social influences on the formation of a team’s attitudes, beliefs, values and perceptions. - [Course SP COMM CSUSM: Essential Communication Skills](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1096655): Effective Communication Skills As a manager, your ability to effectively communicate with your staff is key to a successful and productive department or team. The ability to influence and motivate people whose values, styles and ability to listen are different than yours is a skill that may not come easily, but can be learned. You’ll have the opportunity to assess your own communication styles and perceptions and see how they translate to interactions with your staff and others. - [Course MAL ManagerAsLeader: Managers as Leaders](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1115701): The Managers as Leaders Certificate program will equip, inspire and prepare you and your team for success. The program is built on a human-centered approach to leading and integrates best practices and research so you have the skills and knowledge to advance your career. The 10 high-impact topics are built upon three core principles: Managing Yourself, Managing Your Team and Managing Strategically. Gain an advantage to take the next step in your leadership development and your organization’s success. - [Course 0009: IH_Girl Scouts SD Supervising Employees](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1117629): Not applicable not viewable to public - [Course MCI.2024: Municipal Clerks Institute](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1117726): not applicable.  this course will not appear on the CSUSM website - [Course OLLI Foreign Policy: “U.S. Foreign Policy and the Mid-Term Elections”](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1177686): This November’s Congressional U.S. elections include foreign policy challenges from around the world and around the country. U.S. voters and audiences also face unprecedented impact from foreign events and influencers. This class will sort through these challenges, guided by a retired U.S. diplomat who has worked with campaigns and representatives across our political spectrum. We’ll learn and talk together about what the campaigns and the results mean for U.S. interests worldwide.   **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account.  If you do not already have a parking account Parking Services will create one for you upon registration.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.  If you’re not sure if you have a parking account or you have one but need your login information, please contact us. - [Course CNA Orientation: Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Mandatory Pre-Admission Orientation Session](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1216873): This is a MANDATORY pre-admission orientation. Cal State San Marcos is hosting an online pre-admission orientation for the Certified Nursing Assistant program held in Temecula. Topics covered include program details, costs, the application process and much more. What makes this program unique?  Do I qualify for admission? How do I apply?  What does the program cost?  What is the time commitment?  And much more! Please note: You must attend a pre-admission orientation session before you are eligible to apply for the Certified Nursing Assistant program at CSUSM. - [Course CEU.Project WET: Project WET](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1223832): CSUSM Extended Learning works to connect teachers, administrators and school districts with the wide variety of professional development opportunities throughout San Diego County and beyond. In partnership with the Southern California Professional Development Federation (SCPDF), the San Diego Office of Education and various educational training organizations, CSUSM offers university credit for participation in a variety of workshops and training sessions.  - [Course CEU.Hatching Results: Hatching Results](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1224536): CSUSM Extended Learning works to connect teachers, administrators and school districts with the wide variety of professional development opportunities throughout San Diego County and beyond. In partnership with Hatching Results, CSUSM offers university credit for participation in a variety of workshops and training sessions. - [Course MCI.2025: Municipal Clerks Institute](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1263045): Municipal Clerk's Institute - [Course SM Chamber: San Marcos Chamber Leadership Program](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1287305): The San Marcos Chamber of Commerce Leadership program offered 2x year - [Course 0013: "A Taste of Osher"](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1300306): Come and learn about the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute (OLLI) at CSU San Marcos.  Join us at A Taste of Osher.  Attend this event to get a sneak preview of a few courses that will be offered in the fall of 2026. You don't want to miss this opportunity to enter drawings for free classes, 10% off Lectures, $25 Discount off the Annual Membership, Free Lunch and Much More! Seating is limited. Must be registered to attend and to receive free parking.   - [Course SMUSD: SMUSD Career Technical Education Translation & Interpretation Pathway Community Interpreter course](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1304034): This is a special program for the San Marcos Unified School District for those students who complete the Community Interpreter Training component of the Career and Technical Education Translation & Interpretation Pathway. - [Course MCI.AdvAcdmy: Municipal Clerk Institute: Advanced Academy](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1319054): Municipal Clerks Institute Advanced Academy Offered before California City Clerk Annual Conference 2024 date: 2025 date: Tuesday, April 29  8am - 2pm - Contributing to the Creation of a More Inclusive Organization 2026 date: - [Course OLLI Industrial City: The Fall of the Industrial City: American Urbanization, 1929-2000](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1362847): This course will discuss the decline of the industrial city, focusing on themes like deindustrialization, “white flight,” federal housing programs, mass suburbanization in the period after World War II, and the “urban crisis” of the 1960s and 1970s. We will also consider regional patterns of urban growth, especially the rapid development of “Sunbelt” cities. While the course will discuss general patterns in American urbanization, we will pay particular attention to case studies that illustrate key themes (such as the emergence of the “second ghetto” in Cleveland and Los Angeles as the “explosive metropolis”). **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account.  If you do not already have a parking account Parking Services will create one for you upon registration.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.  If you’re not sure if you have a parking account or you have one but need your login information, please contact us. - [Course OLLI Information: Information Session: Travel](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1391352): Discover exciting travel opportunities with Osher through Collette, including upcoming trips to Tuscany and to London & Paris. Join us for a 35‑minute informational session to learn all the details! - [Course OLLI Osher Online: "Click Here" to View OSHER Online 6-week courses](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1396325): What is Osher Online?   a { text-decoration: none; color: #464feb; } tr th, tr td { border: 1px solid #e6e6e6; } tr th { background-color: #f5f5f5; } This program is offered in collaboration with Northwestern University. It’s an online initiative we’re participating in, along with a select group of other OLLIs a { text-decoration: none; color: #464feb; } tr th, tr td { border: 1px solid #e6e6e6; } tr th { background-color: #f5f5f5; } Northwestern University will handle your orientation and create your account. This is also where you’ll access the Zoom links for the courses you select. Osher CSUSM will not have this information. Osher membership required No Annual or Lifetime membership discounts apply Classes will NOT be recorded COURSE OFFERINGS Biology & Society This course introduces the scientific study of life, with an emphasis on real-world applications and the societal, social, ethical, and legal consequences of biological advances...Click  OOL.10012026 Biology  on right for full description. The History and Experience of Route 66 Route 66 is as much a  idea as it is a place.  Since its creation in 1926, America’s most famous highway has evolved from a 2,400-mile transportation corridor into a powerful symbol of nostalgia, travel, and the American road....Click  OOL.10052026 Route 66  on right for full description. The 60's Through the Great Speeches There 1960s is a decade wrapped in myth and misunderstanding. In this course, we will cut through that haze by turning to something powerful and concrete: the speeches of the era....Click  OOL.10092026 Great Speeches  on right for full description. Power and the People: The Evolution of the U.S. Federal Judiciary The American Experiment began with the Declaration of Independence and led to the creation of the federal judiciary, one of the country’s greatest experiments...Click  OOL.10152026 Power  on right for full description. - [Course MCI.2026: Municipal Clerks Institute 2026](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1398893): Municipal Clerks Institutes 2026 February, June, October - [Course AI.2026: AI Fundamentals for Working Professionals Workshop](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1431506): AI Fundamentals for Working Professionals is a beginner-friendly workshop designed for professionals who want to understand what artificial intelligence is, how it works at a practical level, and how to use it responsibly in everyday work. No technical background is required. In this hands-on session, participants will learn how generative AI tools can support common business tasks such as writing, brainstorming, research, communication, and workflow improvement. The workshop also introduces prompt-writing basics, shows where AI adds value across business functions, and helps participants recognize important limitations and risks related to ethics, bias, privacy, and security. This workshop is ideal for professionals who are AI-curious and want a clear, practical introduction they can immediately apply in the workplace - [Course OLLI Divine Cipher: The Divine Cipher](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1432998): An immersive, two-hour deep dive into the recurring motifs and sacred geometry that underpin global religious traditions. As a core pillar of the "From Glyph to Grammar" series, this session moves beyond surface-level observation to decode the underlying symbolic language that has shaped human consciousness for millennia. By analyzing how disparate cultures utilize shared iconography to express the ineffable, "The Divine Cipher" challenges participants to recognize a universal semiology—a hidden "code" that connects ancient spiritual practices to our modern understanding of meaning. This session offers CSUSM students a rare opportunity to synthesize history, theology, and visual theory into a singular, cohesive lens for reading the world around them.     **This offering is ZOOM Only - [Course OLLI Digestion: Skin/Digestion/Sleep](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1433038): Returning instructor, Stephenie Slahor, Ph.D., is presenting an OLLI course about three of our most important functions—skin, digestion, and sleep.  We'll explore each in how it is designed, how it works, how to maintain it, how to watch for disorders and disruptions, and the things we can do to enhance these factors for stamina and a healthy lifestyle.     **This offering is ZOOM Only - [Course OLLI Rescuers: Holocaust Rescuers: Daring Diplomats & Public Officials](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1433658): While many diplomats & other public officials during World War II ignored the human catastrophe all around them, some daring and brave ones risked their careers and lives to createingenious plans to outsmart the Nazis.  In so doing, they saved hundreds of thousands of persecuted people.  In this uplifting audio/video program, we will examine the brilliant goodness of these inspiring altruists. **This offering is ZOOM Only - [Course OLLI 107 Days at Sea: 107 Days at Sea: The Journey That Changed Everything](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1433696): At 63, Jill Chalsty boarded a ship alone, grieving her husband’s death and battling cancer. What began as a voyage around the world became far more than a trip. In this lecture, Jill shares the story behind her memoir Packets of Hope, inviting participants to travel alongside her through the ports she visited, the people she met, and the reflections that transformed personal adversity into strength and global impact. Jill demonstrates how one person’s courage can create ripples that span continents. Participants are encouraged to read her memoir, available free at www.packetsofhope.com, before the presentation.   **This offering is ZOOM Only - [Course OLLI Finance: Finance Isn’t Boring](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1433743): While this is very much outside of the realm of Dr. Hensley’s typical history or religious studies lectures, Dr. Hensley moonlights as a financial coach (his bachelor’s degree is in business and he studied investment strategies at Cornell). He'll join us to talk about his latest set of books, which are an introduction to the world of personal finance and investing. Though many people think the topic is boring (finance jobs are regularly rated many of the top spots in the “most boring jobs” ratings), understanding finance can make a huge difference in life. So, come and join us to see that finance isn’t boring, and to see how understanding finance can possibly change things for you.   **This offering is ZOOM Only - [Course OLLI Producer: I Want to be a Producer: Lives and Shows of Broadway/Film Musical Producers](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1433785): The course discussion will be on the roles and jobs of lead producers. Join us as we watch, learn, and enjoy musicals from the “cheap seat David Merrick  The notorious producer who ruled Broadway during the 60’s and 70’s. He was know for his wild publicity stunts and bringing Hello Dolly to Broadway.  Arthur Freed (Two sessions)  He headed the Freed Unit at MGM that made all those classic movies like The Bandwagon and Singing in the Rain. Florence Ziegfeld  He produced the lavish Ziegfeld Follies and also what is considered the first adult musical Showboat Cameron Macintosh  He produced Cats and Miss Saigon and it the biggest money making producer of all time   **This offering is ZOOM Only - [Course OLLI Creating: Creating Fascinating Villains](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1433850): What makes a person a villain? This hands-on workshop highlights key characteristics of popular villains in literature and the movies, and how they shape a good read or cinema watch. Villains are often shaped by the writer observing people, their flaws, motivations, backstory, and connection to the hero or protagonist. Participants will receive tips for and create a villain that is engaging, believable and the character in the story that readers will love to hate.  - [Course OLLI Generations: Understanding Generations: Psychology, History, and Social Change](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1434326): From childhood and family life to technology, work, relationships, and aging, each generation is shaped by the social world in which it develops. This course examines how major historical events and cultural changes influenced the values, behaviors, and experiences of different generations. Drawing from developmental and social psychology, we will explore the psychological impact of changing social norms, media, technology, and family structures. **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account.  If you do not already have a parking account Parking Services will create one for you upon registration.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.  If you’re not sure if you have a parking account or you have one but need your login information, please contact us. - [Course OLLI Redford: The Most-Outsider: A Retrospective of Robert Redford](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1434593): The late Robert Redford was more than an Academy-Award winning director (Ordinary People) and Oscar-nominated actor (The Sting). As the founder of The Sundance Institute, Redford contributed to the development of many underrepresented moviemakers, benefiting the likes of Reservoir Dogs, Little Miss Sunshine, Beasts of the Southern Wild and many more. This retrospective will consider the paradox of how Redford used his life in the mountains of Utah to become a major influence on Hollywood. Other films for study will include Butch Cassidy & The Sundance Kid, The Way We Were,  All the President’s Men, A River Runs Through It, Quiz Show, The Horse Whisperer and All Is Lost. **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account.  If you do not already have a parking account Parking Services will create one for you upon registration.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.  If you’re not sure if you have a parking account or you have one but need your login information, please contact us. - [Course OLLI Sri Lanka: The Arts of Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1434694): The late Robert Redford was more than an Academy-Award winning director (Ordinary People) and Oscar-nominated actor (The Sting). As the founder of The Sundance Institute, Redford contributed to the development of many underrepresented moviemakers, benefiting the likes of Reservoir Dogs, Little Miss Sunshine, Beasts of the Southern Wild and many more. This retrospective will consider the paradox of how Redford used his life in the mountains of Utah to become a major influence on Hollywood. Other films for study will include Butch Cassidy & The Sundance Kid, The Way We Were,  All the President’s Men, A River Runs Through It, Quiz Show, The Horse Whisperer and All Is Lost. **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account.  If you do not already have a parking account Parking Services will create one for you upon registration.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.  If you’re not sure if you have a parking account or you have one but need your login information, please contact us. - [Course OLLI E.T.: E.T. Where Are You?](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1434752): E. T. Where Are You? Hunting for aliens in the stars. Star Trek and Star Wars taught us that the universe was teeming with aliens... but where are they? And how would we recognize them if we saw them?  Join space historian and science fiction author Gideon Marcus for a class on the search for extraterrestrial life—and what it will mean when we find it! **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account.  If you do not already have a parking account Parking Services will create one for you upon registration.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.  If you’re not sure if you have a parking account or you have one but need your login information, please contact us. - [Course OLLI Whales: Deeper Dive into the World of Dolphins and Whales](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1434818): Explore the fascinating world of dolphins and whales through history, human connections, and cultural relationships with marine mammals.  This course examines communication, sounds, frequencies, intelligence, and the unique ways dolphins and whales interact with one another and humans.  Through storytelling, science, and real-live wild encounters, discover how experiences with marine mammals can inspire deeper awareness, connection, and appreciation for the ocean world. **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account.  If you do not already have a parking account Parking Services will create one for you upon registration.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.  If you’re not sure if you have a parking account or you have one but need your login information, please contact us. - [Course OLLI Russian Museums: Tour of Russia’s Most Famous Museums](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1434887): Join us for a virtual journey through Russia’s greatest museums, including the Hermitage, Tretyakov Gallery, Russian Museum, Kremlin Museums, Pushkin Museum and others. We will explore masterpieces of Russian and European art, imperial treasures, icons, architecture, and the dramatic histories behind collections that shaped Russia’s cultural identity.  **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account.  If you do not already have a parking account Parking Services will create one for you upon registration.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.  If you’re not sure if you have a parking account or you have one but need your login information, please contact us. - [Course OLLI Dust Bowl: Dust Bowl Refugees ](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1435010): In the 1930s, almost a half million Americans, victims of the great depression, drought and great dust storms migrated to California in hopes of a better life.  Instead, they discovered they were considered an unwanted burden by many Californians.  In desperation, they worked for very low wages picking cotton, grapes, peas or whatever needed harvesting.  Exploited by growers that kept them mired in poverty, many farmworkers tried to form unions and strike.  The growers responded with violence and strikers were injured or even killed.  John Steinbeck in The Grapes of Wrath and more recently Kristin Hannah in her novel The Four Winds brought to life the hardship endured by the Dust Bowl refugees.  We explore the true story of the Dust Bowl migrants that changed California. **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account.  If you do not already have a parking account Parking Services will create one for you upon registration.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.  If you’re not sure if you have a parking account or you have one but need your login information, please contact us.   - [Course OLLI H.L. Hunley: The H.L. Hunley](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/search/publicCourseSearchDetails.do?method=load&courseId=1435074): During the Civil War, the Confederate submarine, the H.L. Hunley, sank the USS Housatonic in 1864, becoming the first submarine, in history, to destroy an enemy ship. It did not return back to port. The sub vanished after the attack, but was finally found in 1995, resting on the seafloor with its crew still at their stations, their fatal mission complete. **This is a HYBRID class, offered live in the classroom and online via ZOOM simultaneously.  Please choose either the Zoom or Classroom session at the time of registration. **In class meetings require a separate parking fee of $5/day.  Please collect your parking permit through your CSUSM parking account.  If you do not already have a parking account Parking Services will create one for you upon registration.  You will receive an email from Parking Service which will include your Username, Password and a link to login and purchase permits/packages.  If you’re not sure if you have a parking account or you have one but need your login information, please contact us. ## Certificates Here is a list of the currently available certificates. - [Certificate SPVSRcert: Supervising Employees Certificate](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/public/category/courseCategoryCertificateProfile.do?method=load&certificateId=1022958): This eight-week ONLINE Certificate in Supervising Employees provides new or soon-to-be managers with a solid foundation in management.  You will leave each session with higher levels of confidence backed by skills you can immediately apply when you return to work. - [Certificate HRM cert: Human Resources Management Certificate](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/public/category/courseCategoryCertificateProfile.do?method=load&certificateId=1056874): The Professional Certificate in Human Resource Management (HRM) prepares you to excel and stay relevant in today’s global HR field. You can complete the certificate in approximately one year, with eight total courses, each meeting once a week for seven weeks. This flexible schedule is designed to fit your busy lifestyle, so you can complete the entire certificate or register for individual courses. - [Certificate SPVSRcertCSUSM: Supervising Employees Certificate (CSUSM)](https://destinyone.csusm.edu/public/category/courseCategoryCertificateProfile.do?method=load&certificateId=1103545): The eight-week IN PERSON Supervising Employees Certificate program provides new or soon-to-be managers with a solid foundation in management. You will leave each session with higher levels of confidence backed by skills you can immediately apply when you return to work. LAST_UPDATED: 2026-09-05